Understanding different verb types is essential for mastering Spanish verb conjugation and sentence structure. In Spanish, verbs can be classified into three main types: reflexive, transitive, and intransitive. Each type has unique characteristics and usage rules. Let’s explore these verb types in a simple and easy-to-understand manner.
Definition: Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the sentence is performing an action on itself. These verbs are accompanied by reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os, se) which match the subject of the verb. Learn more about reflexive verbs in Spanish.
Identifying Reflexive Verbs: Reflexive verbs are identified by the reflexive pronoun “se” attached to the infinitive form, or “me,” “te,” “se,” “nos,” or “os” used when the verb is conjugated.
Yo |
me levanto I get up |
Nosotros |
nos levantamos we get up |
Tú (Juana, Juan) |
te levantas you get up |
Vosotros (informal Spain) |
os levantáis you all get up |
Él/Ella/Ud. (Sra./Dr. García) |
se levanta he/she/you get up |
Ellos/Ellas/Uds. |
se levantan they/you all get up |
Usage in Sentences:
Definition: Transitive verbs are verbs that require a direct object to complete their meaning. The direct object receives the action of the verb. Another way to look at it is if you can put the word “something” or “someone” after it, it is generally transitive. For example, “I buy something.”
Identifying Transitive Verbs: These verbs answer the question “what?” or “whom?” in relation to the verb.
Yo |
compro I buy |
Nosotros |
compramos we buy |
Tú (Juana, Juan) |
compras you buy |
Vosotros (informal Spain) |
compráis you all buy |
Él/Ella/Ud. (Sra./Dr. García) |
compra he/she/you buy |
Ellos/Ellas/Uds. |
compran they/you all buy |
Usage in Sentences (the Transitive Verbs are blue and the Direct Objects are red):
Definition: Intransitive verbs do not require a direct object to complete their meaning. These verbs can stand alone and make sense without needing to act on something else.
Identifying Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not answer the question “what?” or “whom?”, and you cannot put the words “someone” or “something” after it.
Yo |
corro I run |
Nosotros |
corremos we run |
Tú (Juana, Juan) |
corres you run |
Vosotros (informal Spain) |
corréis you all run |
Él/Ella/Ud. (Sra./Dr. García) |
corre he/she/you run |
Ellos/Ellas/Uds. |
corren they/you all run |
Usage in Sentences:
Understanding reflexive, transitive, and intransitive verbs is very helpful for constructing accurate and meaningful sentences in Spanish. Reflexive verbs involve the subject acting on itself, transitive verbs require a direct object, and intransitive verbs do not need a direct object. By recognizing and practicing these different verb types, you will enhance your fluency and comprehension in Spanish. Keep practicing and enjoy exploring the diverse world of Spanish verbs!