Section 1: Introduction (Optional)
Section 2: Basics of Spanish Verbs
Section 3: Spanish Present Tense
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Instruction: Spanish Present Tense Regular Verbs

Instruction: Present Tense Conjugation

In Spanish, verb conjugation involves changing a verb form so that it aligns with the subject (the person or thing performing the action) and reflects the time frame (present, past, future, etc.). Specifically, the present tense describes actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, facts, or it is used to emphasize an action. 

Present Tense Meanings in English:
  1. Actions or Facts: “I eat dinner with my friend.”
  2. Actions currently happening: “I am eating dinner.”
  3. Emphatic statements: “I do eat vegetables!”

Each of these uses of the present tense involves a slightly different concept of time, but they all use the present tense form in Spanish. Now, let’s learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense by starting with the verb endings -ar, -er, and -ir.

The Process of Present Tense Conjugation

Here’s how you can approach conjugating a verb in the present tense:

1. Identify the Verb Ending:

Spanish verbs typically end in -ar, -er, or -ir. This ending tells you which group the verb belongs to and dictates how it will be conjugated.

AR Verbs
Hablar
Tomar
Estudiar
ER Verbs

Comer
Leer
Correr

IR Verbs

Vivir
Escribir
Recibir

2. Find the Verb Stem by Removing the Ending

To conjugate a verb, start by removing the -ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive (the basic form of the verb). What you are left with is called the “stem” or “root.”

AR Verbs
Habl ar
Tom ar
Estudi ar
ER Verbs
Com er
Le er
Corr er
IR Verbs
Viv ir
Escrib ir
Recib ir

3. Add the Appropriate Ending:

Once you have the stem, you add a new ending according to the subject and the verb group (-ar, -er, -ir). Each subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, we, they) has its own specific ending in Spanish.

AR Verb Endings

Yo

- o

Nosotros

- amos

(Juana, Juan)

- as

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

- áis

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

- a

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

- an

AR Present Tense Verbs with Endings

Yo

hablo

tomo

estudio

Nosotros

hablamos

tomamos

estudiamos

(Juana, Juan)

hablas

tomas

estudias

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

habláis

tomáis

estudiáis

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

habla

toma

estudia

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

hablan

toman

estudian

-AR Verb Examples

 
  1. Hablar (to speak):

    • Yo hablo español con mis amigos.
      (I speak Spanish with my friends.)
    • Ella habla con su profesor después de clase.
      (She does speak with her teacher after class.)
  2. Tomar (to take/drink):

    • Juana, tú tomas un café cada mañana.
      (Juana, you drink coffee every morning.)
    • Nosotros tomamos el autobús a la escuela.
      (We do take the bus to school.)
  3. Estudiar (to study):

    • Nosotros estudiamos para el examen.
      (We study for the exam.)
    • Ellos estudian en la biblioteca por la tarde.
      (They are studying in the library in the afternoon.)
ER Verb Endings

Yo

- o

Nosotros

- emos

(Juana, Juan)

- es

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

- éis

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

- e

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

- en

ER Present Tense Verbs with Endings

Yo

como

leo

corro

Nosotros

comemos

leemos

corremos

(Juana, Juan)

comes

lees

corres

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

coméis

leéis

corréis

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

come

lee

corre

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

comen

leen

corren

-ER Verb Examples

 
  1. Comer (to eat):

    • Yo como fruta todos los días.
      (I eat fruit every day.)
    • Ellos comen juntos en el parque.
      (They are eating together in the park.)
  2. Leer (to read):

    • Sra. García, Ud. lee un libro interesante.
      (Mrs. García , you read an interesting book.)
    • Juan, tú lees en voz alta en clase.
      (Juan, you do read aloud in class.)
  3. Correr (to run):

    • Ellos corren en el parque.
      (They run in the park.)
    • Nosotros corremos todos los días por la mañana.
      (We are running every morning.)
IR Verb Endings

Yo

- o

Nosotros

- imos

(Juana, Juan)

- es

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

- ís

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

- e

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

- en

IR Present Tense Verbs with Endings

Yo

vivo

escribo

recibo

Nosotros

vivimos

escribimos

recibimos

(Juana, Juan)

vives

escribes

recibes

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

vivís

escribís

recibís

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

vive

escribe

recibe

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

viven

escriben

reciben

-IR Verb Examples

 
  1. Vivir (to live):

    • Yo vivo en una casa grande.
      (I live in a big house.)
    • Ellos viven en un apartamento cerca de la playa.
      (They are living in an apartment near the beach.)
  2. Escribir (to write):

    • Juan, tú escribes en tu diario todas las noches.
      (Juan, you write in your journal every night.)
    • Nosotros escribimos una carta a nuestros amigos.
      (We do write a letter to our friends.)
  3. Recibir (to receive):

    • Nosotros recibimos muchos regalos.
      (We receive many gifts.)
    • Ellas reciben una llamada importante.
      (They are receiving an important call.)