Brain Boost: Present, Modal, and Reflexive Verbs
Section 5: Spanish Present Progressive Tense
Brain Boost: Present Progressive, Present, Reflexive Verbs
Section 6: Spanish Present Perfect
Brain Boost: Present, Present Perfect, Present Progressive
Section 7: Spanish Preterite Tense
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Review: Present Progressive, Spanish Present, and Reflexive Verbs

As you continue learning Spanish, it’s important to strengthen your understanding of key concepts like the present tense, the present progressive, and reflexive verbs. These concepts are essential for describing current actions and daily routines. This quick review will help you prepare for interleaved practice that combines these three concepts.

1. Spanish Present Tense

The present tense in Spanish is used to describe actions that are happening now, habitual actions, or general truths.

Conjugation Patterns for Regular Verbs:

-ar verbs:

Yo

hablo

I speak
I do speak
I am speaking

Nosotros

hablamos

we speak
we do speak
we are speaking

(Juana, Juan)

hablas

you speak
you do speak
you are speaking

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

habláis

you all speak
you all do speak
you all are speaking

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

habla

he/she/you speak
he/she/you do speak
he/she/you are speaking

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

hablan

they/you all speak
they/ you all do speak
they/you all are speaking

-er verbs:

Yo

como

I eat
I do eat
I am eating

Nosotros

comemos

we eat
we do eat
we are eating

(Juana, Juan)

comes

you eat
you do eat
you are eating

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

coméis

you all eat
you all do eat
you all are eating

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

come

he/she/you eat
he/she/you do eat
he/she/you are eating

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

comen

they/you all eat
they/you all do eat
they/you all are eating

-ir verbs:

Yo

vivo

I live
I do live
I am living

Nosotros

vivimos

we live
we do live
we are living

(Juana, Juan)

vives

you live
you do live
you are living

Vosotros

(informal Spain)

vivís

you all live
you all do live
you all are living

Él/Ella/Ud.

(Sra./Dr. García)

vive

he/she/you live
he/she/you do live
he/she/you are living

Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

viven

they/you all live
they/ you all do live
they/you all are living

Examples:
  • Yo hablo español. (I speak Spanish.)
  • Ella come una manzana. (She eats an apple.)
  • Nosotros vivimos en Madrid. (We are live in Madrid.)

2. Spanish Present Progressive

The present progressive tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now. It is formed using the present tense of the verb “estar” followed by the gerund (-ando, -iendo) of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Estar (in the present tense) + gerund (present participle)

Examples:

  • Hablar (to speak)
    • Yo estoy hablando. (I am speaking right now.)
  • Comer (to eat)
    • Tú estás comiendo. (You are eating right now.)
  • Vivir (to live)
    • Él está viviendo en España. (He is living in Spain right now.)

Key Difference Between Present Tense and Present Progressive:

  • The present tense describes general actions or habits (e.g., Yo hablo español – I speak Spanish).
  • The present progressive emphasizes actions happening right now (e.g., Yo estoy hablando español – I am speaking Spanish right now).

3. Spanish Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the verb is also the receiver of the action. Reflexive verbs are used with reflexive pronouns that correspond to the subject of the sentence.

Examples:

  • Levantarse (to get up)
    • Yo me levanto a las siete. (I get up at seven.)
  • Ducharse (to shower)
    • Ella se ducha por la mañana. (She showers in the morning.)
  • Acostarse (to go to bed)
    • Ellos se acuestan a las diez. (They go to bed at ten.)
Combining Reflexive Verbs with Present Progressive:

When using reflexive verbs in the present progressive, the reflexive pronoun can either go before the conjugated form of “estar” or be attached to the end of the gerund.

Examples:

  • Me estoy levantando ahora. / Estoy levantándome ahora. (I am getting up right now.)
  • Nos estamos duchando. / Estamos duchándonos. (We are showering right now.)

Conclusion

Understanding the Spanish present tense, present progressive, and reflexive verbs is essential for describing actions and routines. These concepts often interact, so being able to distinguish and use them correctly is crucial for effective communication. As you prepare for interleaved practice, keep these points in mind to reinforce your skills. Keep practicing, and enjoy your journey of learning Spanish!